Chapter 12
Herod’s Persecution of the Christians.[a] 1 About that time
King Herod laid hands upon some members of the church to harm them. 2 He had
James, the brother of John,[b] killed by the sword, 3 [c]and when he saw that
this was pleasing to the Jews he proceeded to arrest Peter also. (It was [the]
feast of Unleavened Bread.) 4 He had him taken into custody and put in prison
under the guard of four squads of four soldiers each. He intended to bring him
before the people after Passover. 5 Peter thus was being kept in prison, but
prayer by the church was fervently being made to God on his behalf.
6 On the very night before Herod was to bring him to trial,
Peter, secured by double chains, was sleeping between two soldiers, while
outside the door guards kept watch on the prison. 7 Suddenly the angel of the
Lord stood by him and a light shone in the cell. He tapped Peter on the side
and awakened him, saying, “Get up quickly.” The chains fell from his wrists. 8
The angel said to him, “Put on your belt and your sandals.” He did so. Then he
said to him, “Put on your cloak and follow me.” 9 So he followed him out, not
realizing that what was happening through the angel was real; he thought he was
seeing a vision. 10 They passed the first guard, then the second, and came to
the iron gate leading out to the city, which opened for them by itself. They
emerged and made their way down an alley, and suddenly the angel left him. 11
Then Peter recovered his senses and said, “Now I know for certain that [the]
Lord sent his angel and rescued me from the hand of Herod and from all that the
Jewish people had been expecting.” 12 When he realized this, he went to the
house of Mary, the mother of John who is called Mark, where there were many
people gathered in prayer. 13 When he knocked on the gateway door, a maid named
Rhoda came to answer it. 14 She was so overjoyed when she recognized Peter’s
voice that, instead of opening the gate, she ran in and announced that Peter
was standing at the gate. 15 They told her, “You are out of your mind,” but she
insisted that it was so. But they kept saying, “It is his angel.” 16 But Peter
continued to knock, and when they opened it, they saw him and were astounded.
17 He motioned to them with his hand to be quiet and explained [to them] how
the Lord had led him out of the prison, and said, “Report this to James[d] and
the brothers.” Then he left and went to another place. 18 At daybreak there was
no small commotion among the soldiers over what had become of Peter. 19 Herod,
after instituting a search but not finding him, ordered the guards tried and
executed. Then he left Judea to spend some time in Caesarea.
Herod’s Death. 20 [e]He had long been very angry with the
people of Tyre and Sidon, who now came to him in a body. After winning over
Blastus, the king’s chamberlain, they sued for peace because their country was
supplied with food from the king’s territory. 21 On an appointed day, Herod,
attired in royal robes, [and] seated on the rostrum, addressed them publicly.
22 The assembled crowd cried out, “This is the voice of a god, not of a man.”
23 At once the angel of the Lord struck him down because he did not ascribe the
honor to God, and he was eaten by worms and breathed his last. 24 But the word
of God continued to spread and grow.
The mission of Barnabas and Saul. 25 After Barnabas and Saul
completed their relief mission, they returned to Jerusalem,[f] taking with them
John, who is called Mark.
Footnotes
12:1–19 Herod Agrippa ruled Judea A.D. 41–44. While Luke
does not assign a motive for his execution of James and his intended execution
of Peter, the broad background lies in Herod’s support of Pharisaic Judaism.
The Jewish Christians had lost the popularity they had had in Jerusalem (Acts
2:47), perhaps because of suspicions against them traceable to the teaching of
Stephen.
12:2 James, the brother of John: this James, the son of
Zebedee, was beheaded by Herod Agrippa ca. A.D. 44.
12:3, 4 Feast of Unleavened Bread…Passover: see note on Lk
22:1.
12:17 To James: this James is not the son of Zebedee
mentioned in Acts 12:2, but is James, the “brother of the Lord” (Gal 1:19), who
in Acts 15; 21 is presented as the leader of the Jerusalem Christian community. He
left and went to another place: the conjecture that Peter left for Rome at this
time has nothing to recommend it. His chief responsibility was still the
leadership of the Jewish Christian community in Palestine (see Gal 2:7). The
concept of the great missionary effort of the church was yet to come (see Acts
13:1–3).
12:20–23 Josephus gives a similar account of Herod’s death
that occurred in A.D. 44. Early Christian tradition considered the manner of it
to be a divine punishment upon his evil life. See 2 Kgs 19:35 for the figure of
the angel of the Lord in such a context.
12:25 They returned to Jerusalem: many manuscripts read
“from Jerusalem,” since Acts 11:30 implies that Paul and Barnabas are already
in Jerusalem. This present verse could refer to a return visit or subsequent
relief mission.
Source Catholic Bible: New American Bible Revised Edition (NABRE)
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